For example, one study by Spring and colleagues found an m-health intervention targeting multiple behavioural health risk factors was effective in improving activity and diet behaviours to recommended levels, with effects sustained to a 9-month follow up. To date, research has generated promising evidence for the efficacy of digital health interventions in controlled trial settings. telehealth) or change behaviours through self-monitoring of diet, activity, or glucose levels or through personalised health advice generated using AI. They may be delivered via websites, smartphones, or text messages, and often seek to supplement clinical care options (e.g. artificial intelligence or AI), continuous glucose monitoring, social media, and the internet more broadly. Interventions draw upon a wide range of health information technologies, including smartphone apps, intelligent algorithms (e.g. Research and development related to digital health solutions for chronic disease is rapidly expanding. Taken together, digital health offers enormous potential as a cost-effective means to expand access to care among populations with access to digital technologies which may help to meet some of the growing need for chronic disease support and prevention. Furthermore, digital health interventions are highly scalable, able to be disseminated to large audiences at minimal cost-per-user, which is of critical importance in context of the growing need for such tools. They also piggyback on existing habitual smartphone and internet use to deliver intense behaviour change support programs. For example, digital interventions are able to integrate principles of ‘persuasive design’ such as personalisation, gamification, and social influence as well as behaviour change techniques such as self-monitoring to encourage users to take up behavioural change. Such digital approaches offer significant benefits. Health interventions that harness digital delivery and technologies, such as smartphone apps and wearable trackers, are increasingly used to deliver health behaviour change support for people at risk or with T2DM and other chronic diseases. Health-related behaviours are difficult to change and furthermore, sustaining health behaviour change is even harder, with behavioural changes often reverting to baseline levels over time. While T2DM can be prevented or reversed by addressing its lifestyle-based antecedents, primarily, overweight or obesity, poor diet, and physical inactivity, translating this advice into actionable and effective behaviour change support is an ongoing public health challenge. T2DM directly affects about 1 million Australian adults, while a further 2 million are estimated to have pre-diabetes, indicating that they are at significant risk of developing T2DM in the near future. Growing prevalence of lifestyle-related chronic diseases including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has created an enormous need for innovative and effective ways to support people to proactively manage their health. The funders played no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of this manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Interested researchers may apply for access to the data by contacting The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Human Research Ethics Committee ( This work was funded by an internal seed-funding grant provided by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and awarded to all authors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Data cannot be shared publicly due to the conditions of the ethics approval and potentially identifiable nature of the qualitative data. Received: FebruAccepted: JPublished: August 5, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Ryan et al. PLoS ONE 16(8):Įditor: Simone Borsci, Universiteit Twente, NETHERLANDS (2021) Identifying critical features of type two diabetes prevention interventions: A Delphi study with key stakeholders. Citation: Ryan JC, Wiggins B, Edney S, Brinkworth GD, Luscombe-March ND, Carson-Chahhoud KV, et al.
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